Understanding Underactive Thyroid Symptoms & Care

Have you ever experienced unexplained fatigue, weight gain, or difficulty concentrating? These symptoms can be incredibly frustrating, making it challenging to go about your daily life. Unfortunately, there may be an underlying condition responsible for these symptoms: an underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in your neck, doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and overall well-being. When the thyroid isn’t functioning optimally, it can have a significant impact on your physical and mental health.

But don’t worry, you’re not alone in this journey. Understanding the symptoms of an underactive thyroid and knowing how to care for it can make a world of difference in your quality of life. In this article, we will explore the signs, causes, and treatments for hypothyroidism. By the end, you will have a comprehensive understanding of how to manage this condition and regain control of your health.

Key Takeaways:

• Underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating.
• The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and overall well-being.
• Recognizing the symptoms of an underactive thyroid is essential for seeking appropriate care.
• Hypothyroidism can be managed through medication, lifestyle changes, and natural remedies.
• Ongoing monitoring and adjustment of treatment are necessary for optimal thyroid health.

Exploring the Role and Function of the Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. Despite its small size, the thyroid plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions and maintaining overall health.

The Anatomy and Location of the Thyroid

The thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected by a narrow band of tissue called the isthmus. It is situated in the lower part of the neck, below the larynx, and wraps around the trachea. This positioning allows the thyroid to control essential bodily processes by releasing thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.

The thyroid gland receives its blood supply through two pairs of arteries: the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. These arteries provide the necessary oxygen and nutrients for the thyroid to function optimally.

Regulating Metabolism: How Thyroid Hormones Work

Thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a key role in regulating the body’s metabolism. Metabolism refers to the various chemical processes that occur in the body to convert food into energy.

When thyroid hormone levels are balanced, they help maintain a healthy metabolism. Thyroid hormones increase the metabolic rate, influencing the functioning of organs, cells, and tissues throughout the body. They affect the rate at which the body uses energy, controls body temperature, and aids in the growth and development of cells.

The Relationship Between Thyroid Function and Overall Health

A properly functioning thyroid gland is crucial for overall health and well-being. The thyroid helps regulate numerous bodily functions, including:

• Energy production
• Heart rate and rhythm
• Body temperature
• Weight management
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Brain development and function
• Muscle strength and coordination

When the thyroid gland is underactive or produces insufficient amounts of hormones, known as hypothyroidism, it can lead to a range of health issues. These may include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and even depression.

An overactive thyroid, on the other hand, known as hyperthyroidism, can result in symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and excessive sweating.

Therefore, proper thyroid function is essential for maintaining optimal health and well-being.

Recognizing the Symptoms of an Underactive Thyroid

Recognizing the symptoms of an underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism, is crucial for early detection and appropriate medical evaluation. Individuals with hypothyroidism may experience a range of symptoms, which are important to be aware of. These symptoms may include:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired or lacking energy even after getting enough rest.
• Weight gain: Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
• Sensitivity to cold: Feeling unusually cold, especially in the extremities.
• Constipation: Difficulty with regular bowel movements.
• Dry skin: Skin that feels dry, itchy, or flaky.
• Thinning hair: Noticeable hair loss or thinning.
• Depression: Persistent feelings of sadness or low mood.
• Poor concentration: Difficulty focusing or a decline in cognitive function.

These symptoms can vary in severity and may not always be easily attributed to an underactive thyroid. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. They can evaluate your symptoms alongside blood tests and other diagnostic measures to determine if hypothyroidism is the underlying cause.

Underactive Thyroid: Key Causes and Risk Factors

In order to understand the development of an underactive thyroid, it is important to explore its key causes and risk factors. By gaining insight into these factors, individuals can become more informed about their own thyroid health and potentially take preventive measures.

Autoimmune Origins: Hashimoto’s Disease

One of the leading causes of an underactive thyroid is Hashimoto’s disease, which is an autoimmune disorder. In Hashimoto’s disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage. Over time, this inflammation can impair the thyroid’s ability to produce adequate levels of thyroid hormones, resulting in hypothyroidism.

“Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas where iodine intake is adequate or excessive.”

Hashimoto’s disease is more prevalent in women and often runs in families. While the exact cause of the disease is unknown, experts believe it is a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers.

Medical Treatments Affecting Thyroid Function

Certain medical treatments can also impact thyroid function, potentially triggering an underactive thyroid. Radiation therapy, particularly when targeted at the head or neck area, can damage the thyroid gland. This damage can lead to insufficient production of thyroid hormones and subsequent hypothyroidism.

Surgical removal of the thyroid or a portion of the thyroid (thyroidectomy) is another medical treatment that can result in an underactive thyroid. This is because the thyroid gland is responsible for producing thyroid hormones, and removing it can disrupt the hormone production process.

Iodine Intake: A Delicate Balance

Iodine is an essential mineral that the thyroid gland needs to produce thyroid hormones. Both inadequate and excessive iodine intake can contribute to the development of an underactive thyroid.

Insufficient iodine intake can lead to a condition called iodine deficiency, which can impair thyroid function and result in hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency is more prevalent in regions where soil and water sources are low in iodine, leading to a lack of iodine in the diet.

On the other hand, excessive iodine intake, particularly through the use of iodine-rich supplements or medications, can also disrupt thyroid function. This is because high levels of iodine can inhibit the production of thyroid hormones, leading to an underactive thyroid.

Understanding the key causes and risk factors of an underactive thyroid is essential for early detection and proactive management. By identifying these factors, individuals can work closely with healthcare professionals to optimize their thyroid function and overall well-being.

Thyroid Hormone Levels: Understanding TSH and T4

Thyroid hormone levels play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Two key hormones involved in regulating thyroid function are TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4 (thyroxine).

The Significance of Normal TSH Levels in Females

In females, normal TSH levels are essential for proper thyroid function. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to release T4. The pituitary gland carefully regulates TSH production based on the body’s need for thyroid hormones.

When TSH levels are within the normal range, it indicates that the thyroid gland is functioning properly and producing adequate amounts of T4. This is crucial for maintaining a healthy metabolism, energy levels, and various bodily functions.

Regular monitoring of TSH levels in females is important to ensure thyroid health and prevent the development of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Interpreting High TSH and Normal T4 Readings

High TSH levels with normal T4 readings can often indicate underlying thyroid dysfunction. This condition, known as subclinical hypothyroidism, may not present noticeable symptoms but can still impact overall health.

In subclinical hypothyroidism, the pituitary gland produces higher levels of TSH to compensate for inadequate thyroid hormone production. This compensatory response helps maintain normal T4 levels, but indicates that the thyroid gland is not functioning optimally.

If left untreated, subclinical hypothyroidism can progress to overt hypothyroidism, causing a range of symptoms and potentially affecting various bodily systems.

Implications of Elevated TSH with Normal T4

Elevated TSH levels with normal T4 levels can have significant implications for thyroid function and overall health. This condition is often associated with early-stage hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is not producing sufficient amounts of T4 despite the compensatory increase in TSH.

Individuals with elevated TSH and normal T4 levels may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and constipation. It is essential to monitor these individuals closely and consider appropriate interventions to prevent the progression of hypothyroidism.

Understanding thyroid hormone levels, particularly TSH and T4, is crucial for assessing thyroid function and identifying potential thyroid abnormalities. Regular monitoring of TSH levels, especially in females, can help detect thyroid dysfunction early and facilitate timely interventions for optimal thyroid health.

Impact of Hypothyroidism Across Different Age Groups

Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, can affect individuals of all ages. The symptoms and considerations related to this condition vary among different age groups, including children, adults, and the elderly.

In children:

Underactive thyroid in children is relatively rare but can have significant effects on growth and development. Common symptoms in children may include:

• Delayed growth and slow height gain
• Delayed puberty
• Developmental delays
• Poor concentration and memory
• Fatigue and low energy levels

It is important for parents and caregivers to monitor the growth and development of children and seek medical attention if any concerning symptoms are observed.

In adults:

Hypothyroidism is most commonly diagnosed in adults. Symptoms may vary but often include:

• Weight gain
• Fatigue and low energy levels
• Depression and mood changes
• Dry skin and hair
• Constipation

Adults with hypothyroidism may also experience menstrual irregularities in women and decreased libido in both men and women. Regular check-ups and close monitoring of thyroid hormone levels are essential for managing hypothyroidism in adults.

In the elderly:

Hypothyroidism can be more challenging to diagnose in older adults due to overlapping symptoms with other age-related conditions. Symptoms that may be present in the elderly include:

• Memory loss and cognitive decline
• Depression and altered mood
• Lethargy and reduced physical activity
• Intolerance to cold temperatures
• Slowed heart rate

Elderly individuals with hypothyroidism may also be at increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Regular evaluations of thyroid function and appropriate medication adjustments are necessary to ensure optimal management of hypothyroidism in this age group.

Complications Arising from Long-Term Untreated Hypothyroidism

Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to various complications that can significantly impact an individual’s health and well-being. It is important to understand these complications to recognize the importance of seeking appropriate treatment for hypothyroidism.

Link Between Hypothyroidism and Heart Problems

Untreated hypothyroidism can increase the risk of developing heart problems. The thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating heart function, and when levels are imbalanced, it can lead to various cardiovascular complications. These may include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and an increased risk of heart disease.

Peripheral Neuropathy and Motor Function

Another complication of untreated hypothyroidism is peripheral neuropathy, a condition that affects the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral neuropathy can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands, feet, and other extremities. It can also affect motor function, leading to weakness and difficulty with coordination and balance.

Mental Health Challenges and Cognitive Function

Untreated hypothyroidism can also have a significant impact on mental health and cognitive function. Thyroid hormone imbalances can contribute to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and mood swings. Additionally, untreated hypothyroidism may cause difficulties with memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function.

It is crucial to recognize and address these complications by seeking medical attention and proper treatment for hypothyroidism. Managing hypothyroidism can help reduce the risk of developing these complications and improve overall health and well-being.

Comprehensive Diagnosis: Blood Tests and Beyond

In the comprehensive diagnosis of hypothyroidism, blood tests play a crucial role in evaluating thyroid hormone levels and assessing thyroid function. These tests provide vital insights for healthcare providers to make an accurate diagnosis and determine the most appropriate treatment plan for individuals with an underactive thyroid.

Blood tests are typically performed to measure the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in the blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to release T4, a hormone critical for regulating metabolism. Abnormal levels of TSH and T4 can indicate an underactive thyroid.

By measuring TSH and T4 levels, healthcare providers can assess the functioning of the thyroid gland and identify any abnormalities. High levels of TSH and low levels of T4 may suggest hypothyroidism, confirming the underactive thyroid diagnosis. Additional blood tests, such as thyroid antibodies, may also be conducted to investigate the underlying cause of hypothyroidism, particularly if an autoimmune condition like Hashimoto’s disease is suspected.

Furthermore, healthcare providers may employ other diagnostic procedures to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s condition. These may include:

• Thyroid ultrasound: This imaging technique uses sound waves to create images of the thyroid gland, allowing healthcare providers to examine its structure and detect any nodules or abnormalities.
• Thyroid scan: In this procedure, a radioactive substance is injected or taken orally, and a special camera is used to capture images of the thyroid gland. A thyroid scan can help determine if the hypothyroidism is due to an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) or other underlying issues.
• Biopsy: In certain cases, a biopsy may be recommended to obtain a tissue sample from the thyroid gland for further examination. This procedure can help identify cancerous or noncancerous nodules that may affect thyroid function.

These diagnostic procedures, combined with comprehensive blood tests, enable healthcare providers to accurately diagnose hypothyroidism and determine the most appropriate treatment plan. It is crucial for individuals experiencing symptoms of an underactive thyroid to seek medical evaluation and undergo these diagnostic tests to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

In the next section, we will explore the various treatment options available for hypothyroidism, including medications and lifestyle changes.

Treating Hypothyroidism: Medications and Lifestyle Changes

When it comes to managing hypothyroidism, there are two key components to consider: medications and lifestyle changes. Finding the right balance between the two is crucial for effectively treating underactive thyroid and promoting overall thyroid health.

Treatment with Medications

One of the most common approaches to treating hypothyroidism is through medications, specifically thyroid hormone replacement therapy. This involves taking synthetic thyroid hormones to supplement the body’s natural thyroid hormone levels.

Thyroid hormone replacement medications, such as levothyroxine, work to restore thyroid hormone levels and alleviate the symptoms of hypothyroidism. These medications are taken orally and are typically prescribed for long-term use. It’s important to follow the prescribed dosage and regularly monitor thyroid hormone levels to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Thyroid Health

In addition to medications, lifestyle changes play a significant role in managing hypothyroidism. Making certain adjustments to daily habits and routines can help support thyroid health and overall well-being. Here are some important lifestyle changes to consider:

• Dietary adjustments: A well-balanced diet that includes foods rich in iodine, selenium, and other key nutrients can help support thyroid function. Avoiding excessive consumption of goitrogenic foods, such as cabbage and broccoli, may also be beneficial for some individuals.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can help boost metabolism and support overall health. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
• Stress management: Chronic stress can have a negative impact on thyroid function. Incorporating stress-management techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga, can help reduce stress levels and support thyroid health.
• Adequate sleep: Getting enough quality sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, including thyroid function. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night and establish a regular sleep routine.

It’s important to remember that lifestyle changes take time and consistency to yield noticeable results. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian for personalized guidance and support in making these lifestyle modifications.

By combining appropriate medications with targeted lifestyle changes, individuals with hypothyroidism can effectively manage their condition and experience improved quality of life. It’s essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to individual needs and goals.

Selecting the Right Underactive Thyroid Medication

Finding the Correct Dosage: A Tailored Approach

When it comes to managing underactive thyroid, selecting the right medication is crucial. However, finding the optimal dosage for each individual is equally important. Every person’s thyroid needs are unique, and a tailored approach is necessary to determine the correct dosage of underactive thyroid medication.

It is essential to work closely with a healthcare provider who specializes in thyroid disorders. They will consider various factors, including the severity of hypothyroidism, the individual’s age, overall health, and any other underlying conditions. Through regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels and feedback from the patient, adjustments to the dosage can be made to achieve optimal thyroid function.

During this process, the healthcare provider may perform blood tests to measure TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and other thyroid hormone levels. These tests help assess the effectiveness of the medication and guide dosage adjustments if necessary.

Synthetic vs. Natural Thyroid Hormone Options

When it comes to underactive thyroid medication, two main options are available: synthetic and natural thyroid hormone.

Synthetic thyroid hormone, such as levothyroxine, is the most commonly prescribed medication for hypothyroidism. It is designed to mimic the effects of the body’s natural thyroid hormones. Synthetic thyroid hormone medications are often preferred due to their consistent potency and effectiveness.

On the other hand, some individuals may opt for natural thyroid hormones, derived from desiccated animal thyroid glands, such as Armour Thyroid or Nature-Throid. These medications contain a combination of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine), providing a more balanced approach to thyroid hormone replacement.

It is important to note that the choice between synthetic and natural thyroid hormone medication should be based on individual preference, medical history, and consultation with a healthcare provider. Factors such as availability, cost, and personal response to the medication should also be considered.

In conclusion, selecting the right underactive thyroid medication is a collaborative process between the individual and their healthcare provider. Finding the correct dosage through a tailored approach is essential for optimal thyroid function. Whether choosing synthetic or natural thyroid hormone medication, the ultimate goal is to achieve a state of balance and well-being for individuals with underactive thyroid.

Underactive Thyroid Remedies: From Diet to Supplements

When it comes to managing an underactive thyroid, natural remedies can play a significant role in supporting thyroid function and alleviating symptoms of hypothyroidism. Making dietary adjustments and incorporating supplements into your routine are effective strategies that can complement medical treatments and enhance overall well-being.

A balanced diet is crucial for individuals with an underactive thyroid. It’s recommended to focus on nutrient-dense foods that promote thyroid health. Include foods rich in iodine, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D, as these nutrients are essential for proper thyroid function. Some beneficial foods include seaweed, brazil nuts, shellfish, eggs, and fatty fish.

In addition to a balanced diet, certain supplements can provide additional support for individuals with an underactive thyroid. Here are some supplements that may be beneficial:

• Iodine: An essential mineral that supports thyroid hormone production. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before supplementing with iodine, as excessive intake can be harmful.
• Selenium: A mineral that enhances the conversion of thyroid hormones and supports thyroid function.
• Zinc: Involved in the production and regulation of thyroid hormones. Supplementing with zinc can help support thyroid health.
• Vitamin D: Plays a role in immune function and supports thyroid health. Many individuals with hypothyroidism have low vitamin D levels and may benefit from supplementation.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil, these healthy fats help reduce inflammation and support overall thyroid health.

It’s important to note that while supplements can be beneficial, they should not replace medical treatments or medications prescribed by a healthcare professional. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new supplements to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your individual needs.

By incorporating a balanced diet and targeted supplements, individuals with an underactive thyroid can proactively support their thyroid function and potentially alleviate symptoms of hypothyroidism. However, it’s important to remember that natural remedies should be used in conjunction with medical care and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Harnessing Natural Treatments for Underactive Thyroid Care

When it comes to managing underactive thyroid or hypothyroidism, natural treatments can play a valuable role in complementing conventional medical interventions. Taking a holistic approach to hypothyroidism involves considering alternative therapies that focus on the body’s natural healing abilities. By incorporating practices such as acupuncture, yoga, and herbal remedies, individuals with an underactive thyroid can enhance their overall well-being and optimize thyroid function.

Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine practice, involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to promote balance and harmony. This alternative therapy has shown promising results in alleviating symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue and mood changes. By stimulating these pressure points, acupuncture may help regulate the thyroid gland and improve hormonal imbalances.

Yoga, a holistic mind-body practice, offers numerous benefits for individuals with an underactive thyroid. Through gentle stretching, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques, yoga helps reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Regular yoga practice has been linked to increased energy levels, improved metabolism, and enhanced mood, making it a valuable addition to the treatment plan for hypothyroidism.

Herbal remedies have long been used to support thyroid health and optimize thyroid function. Certain herbs, such as ashwagandha and guggul, are known for their potential to stimulate thyroid hormone production and regulate the body’s metabolic processes. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating herbal remedies into your underactive thyroid care regimen, as they may interact with medications or have contraindications.

By harnessing natural treatments and alternative therapies, individuals with an underactive thyroid can take a proactive approach to their care. These holistic practices can help improve thyroid function, alleviate symptoms, and promote overall well-being. However, it’s essential to remember that natural treatments should be used in conjunction with conventional medical interventions and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

The Importance of Monitoring and Adjusting Treatment Over Time

Proper management of hypothyroidism requires continuous monitoring and adjustment of treatment to ensure optimal thyroid function. Regular check-ups and blood work analysis are essential in assessing the effectiveness of underactive thyroid treatment and making necessary modifications. Additionally, lifestyle changes, stressors, and medication alterations may warrant adjustments to maintain stable thyroid levels.

Regular Check-Ups and Blood Work Analysis

To effectively monitor the progress of underactive thyroid treatment, regular check-ups with healthcare professionals are crucial. These check-ups typically involve comprehensive evaluations of symptoms, physical examinations, and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels.

Blood work analysis is especially important in assessing the effectiveness of thyroid medication dosage. The primary measure used in these tests is the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level. Elevated TSH levels indicate that the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormone, suggesting the need to adjust the medication dosage.

During regular check-ups, healthcare providers will also evaluate other thyroid hormone levels, such as Free T4 and Free T3, to assess overall thyroid function. These tests provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of treatment and help guide necessary adjustments.

By closely monitoring thyroid hormone levels through regular check-ups and blood work analysis, healthcare providers can ensure that patients receive the appropriate treatment and dosage adjustments if needed.

Managing Treatment in Response to Life Changes

Life changes, such as pregnancy, stress, or medication alterations, can significantly impact thyroid function and treatment requirements. It is crucial to communicate these changes to healthcare providers to ensure optimal management of underactive thyroid.

Pregnancy, for example, often requires adjustments in thyroid medication dosage to accommodate the increased physiological demands. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect thyroid function, necessitating close monitoring and potentially altering treatment plans.

Stress, whether related to work, personal life, or health issues, can also influence thyroid hormone levels. Elevated stress levels may require modifications to medication dosage or additional support, such as stress management techniques or counseling, to maintain stable thyroid function.

Additionally, changes in medication, whether for the treatment of other health conditions or due to interactions with thyroid medication, can impact thyroid hormone levels. It is crucial to inform healthcare providers about any medication changes to ensure proper adjustment of underactive thyroid treatment.

Regular check-ups and consistent communication with healthcare providers allow for proactive management of treatment, ensuring that adjustments are made promptly in response to life changes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding underactive thyroid symptoms and care is crucial for maintaining optimal thyroid health and overall well-being. Throughout this article, we have explored the role and function of the thyroid gland, recognized the symptoms of an underactive thyroid, and identified key causes and risk factors.

We have also discussed the significance of thyroid hormone levels, the impact of hypothyroidism across different age groups, and the potential complications arising from untreated underactive thyroid. Furthermore, we have covered the comprehensive diagnosis process, treatment options including medications and lifestyle changes, and the importance of selecting the right underactive thyroid medication.

Moreover, we have explored a range of underactive thyroid remedies, including dietary adjustments and supplements, as well as natural treatments and alternative therapies. Lastly, we have emphasized the importance of ongoing monitoring and adjustment of treatment to ensure optimal thyroid function.

By recognizing the symptoms, seeking appropriate medical care, and optimizing treatment, individuals can proactively manage their underactive thyroid and live a healthy, vibrant life. Remember, early detection and intervention are key to effectively managing this condition and promoting overall well-being.

Source Links

• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20350284
• https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hypothyroidism
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12120-hypothyroidism